We list some facts concerning bijections and isomorphisms between algebras for my learning (“algebra” in the universal algebra sense here, not the specific vector space based algebraic structure.)
Category: Math
Definition of a Plane in Three Dimensions
Intuitively, a plane is a flat surface that extends infinitely in all directions. How can we interpret this definition in a formal way, and in particular use that discussion to derive the standard equation of a plane?
Sine Angle Addition Functional Equation
In this post, we investigate further the sine angle addition functional equation that I introduced in a previous post, Trigonometric Identities as Functional Equations. (See the work done there before reading this post.) Specifically, the question is to find all functions such that
Interpretations of Model Theory
A typical definition of model theory is “universal algebra plus relations.” However, the term “model” in natural language can typically be used quite generally, especially if we consider how people typically understand its meaning for designing and developing any kind of system. Thus, we could guess just based off terminology that in mathematics, a “model” could be defined, as generally as possible, basically as an “example” (set plus interpretation function) that satisfies any given set of axioms. Is this equivalent to the traditional formulation of model theory? In other words, does the traditional formulation of model theory capture the most general kinds of axioms that an “implementation” could satisfy?
Topology as an Algebraic Structure 2
In this post, we continue the exploration started in Topology as an Algebraic Structure.
Topology as an Algebraic Structure
Can we express the axioms of topology equivalently as the axioms of an algebraic structure?
We know that model theory is at least a non-strict generalization of universal algebra. Indeed, we can consider model theory to be “universal algebra, but with relations instead of operations.” We can actually replicate the main definitions of model theory with an exact replacement of “operation” by “relation” in the universal algebra definitions, which yields more generality since every -ary operation is just a special
-ary relation. (Some formulations define signatures that contain operation and relation symbols, but since every operation is a relation, this does not carry any more generality. More precisely, every operation is a relation with extra conditions, so by adding suitable axioms we can remove all operation symbols without loss of generality.)
Sine Angle Product Formula
In this post, we address the following question: does there exist a polynomial identity for in terms of
like for the single angle addition formula? Formulated rigorously, does there exist a polynomial
such that
for all
? We suspect that
does not exist, which we try to show here. (Actually, a more general question that is worth discussing is whether there exists a rational identity for
, e.g. with
replaced by a rational function. But we discuss polynomial for now.)
Towards Automated Verification of Math
Given the proliferation of computers in so many aspects of our lives, it has always surprised me that verification of submitted math research is not yet totally automated. In practice, requirements like the conferral of doctoral degrees or the referral process for arXiv are still used today in order to judge whether a proposed research contribution is valid or not. This is despite the fact that the subject of math itself is supposed to be only dependent upon formal logic for validity. The idea of automating the verification of math is not a new one, and since the twentieth century there have been some interesting proposals and thoughts towards making it happen.
Linear Independence in Number Theory
In this article, we discuss some questions I had regarding linear independence as it shows up in subjects like transcendental number theory.
